Trade-diverting Customs Unions and Welfare Improvement: a Clarification
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The customs union issue : Why do we observe so few of them ? ☆
a r t i c l e i n f o The number of preferential trade agreements has greatly increased over the past two decades, yet most existing arrangements take the form of free trade areas, and less than 10% can be considered to be fully fledged customs unions. This paper develops a political economy model of trade policy under imperfect competition to provide a positive explanation for the prevalence o...
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This paper examines the welfare implications of an existence of free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) in the GATT system, in the presence of cross-foreign ownership among countries. In particular, two GATT regimes are analyzed: a pure GATT regime without any regional free trade agreements, and modified GATT regime with either an FTA or a CU. This paper argues that, when foreign ...
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All countries would agree to immediate global free trade if countries were compensated for any terms-of-trade losses with transfers from countries whose terms-of-trade improve, and if customs unions were required to have no effects on non-member countries. Global free trade with transfers is in the core of a Kemp-WanGrinols customs union game. (52 words)
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The research, which is written using the approach of historical sociology and descriptive and analytical methods, examines the interactions of trade unions after the Islamic Revolution. The examinations show that the first trade unions or trade unions emerged in England in the early eighteenth century. In Iran, too, the tendency towards trade unions is related to the years before the Constituti...
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تاریخ انتشار 2011